Setting a seed

The following ensures you will get the same results as me.

set.seed(10)

Binomial distribution (slide 14)

Exactly equal to 4.

dbinom(4, size = 10, prob = 0.18)
## [1] 0.06701815

Less than or equal to 4.

sum(dbinom(0:4, size = 10, prob = 0.18))
## [1] 0.9786771
pbinom(4, size = 10, prob = 0.18)
## [1] 0.9786771

Binomial distribution (slide 16)

Strictly less than 4.

pbinom(3, size = 10, prob = 0.18)
## [1] 0.9116589

Greater than or equal to 4.

1 - pbinom(3, size = 10, prob = 0.18)
## [1] 0.0883411
pbinom(3, size = 10, prob = 0.18, lower.tail = F)
## [1] 0.0883411